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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions: Indications and Outcomes

…CTOs are common among patients undergoing coronary angiography, with reported prevalence ranging from 18% to 52%. They frequently occur in patients with severe coronary artery…

Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction After PCI and CABG

…intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and is classified within the universal MI framework as follows: Type 4a MI: MI related to PCI…

Introduction to exercise stress testing (treadmill test, exercise ECG)

…ranging from health screening to assessment of symptoms after coronary artery bypass surgery. Traditionally, the most common indication for exercise stress testing has been the…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…exercising) is common after myocardial infarction and it is associated with poorer survival. Patients with unstable angina pectoris with low risk (according to TIMI score…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…to clinically significant atherosclerotic disease affecting two or more major epicardial coronary arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, left…

Sudden cardiac arrest: Case 3

CPR Sex : Male Age : 62 years History : Coronary bypass grafting; history of arrhythmias. Medications : beta blockers ECG 1 . Sinus rhythm interrupted by ventricular tachycardia (VT…

🟠 SYNTAX Score

…created to address the need for a standardized method to evaluate the anatomical complexity of CAD, particularly in patients with multivessel disease or left main…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

…coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including attempted recanalization of a chronic total coronary occlusion. Angina or ischaemia with non obstructive…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…limb salvage. Evaluation and physical examination ALI requires immediate clinical assessment by a vascular specialist or urgent transfer to a facility with vascular expertise. The…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…safety, reduced repeat revascularization, and broadened the range of lesions amenable to PCI. Stent selection must nevertheless be integrated with lesion anatomy, clinical presentation, bleeding…

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