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Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke. The risk associated with asymptomatic disease depends substantially…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…disease (CAD) refers to clinically significant atherosclerotic disease affecting two or more major epicardial coronary arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease…

Sudden cardiac arrest: Case 3

CPR Sex : Male Age : 62 years History : Coronary bypass grafting; history of arrhythmias. Medications : beta blockers ECG 1 . Sinus rhythm interrupted by ventricular tachycardia (VT…

🟠 SYNTAX Score

…and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) . Developed through expert consensus and validated in the SYNTAX trial, this tool evaluates angiographic characteristics to predict clinical outcomes…

Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction After PCI and CABG

…intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and is classified within the universal MI framework as follows: Type 4a MI: MI related to PCI…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

…coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including attempted recanalization of a chronic total coronary occlusion. Angina or ischaemia with non obstructive…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…limb salvage. Evaluation and physical examination ALI requires immediate clinical assessment by a vascular specialist or urgent transfer to a facility with vascular expertise. The…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Definition and Pathophysiology From balloon angioplasty to coronary stents Balloon angioplasty was initially limited by acute vessel closure and…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions: Indications and Outcomes

…anginal equivalent symptoms. The response to GDMT. The extent of myocardial ischaemia. The presence of viable myocardium supplied by the occluded vessel. Left ventricular function…

Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…cardiomyopathy with severe resting gradient Recent stroke or transient ischemic attack Mental impairment with limited ability to cooperate Resting hypertension with systolic or diastolic blood…

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