…brainstem infarction, haemorrhage, drug toxicity, demyelination HINTS plus by a trained examiner if nystagmus is present, neurological examination, gait and truncal stability Acute balance syndrome…

…The pupillary light reflex (PLR) – the constriction of the pupils in response to light – is a fundamental neurological examination finding that reflects brainstem (midbrain) function…

…cause, 4. prevent recurrence and secondary brain injury. The doses in the treatment ladder below follow the Swedish local sequence given in the original article…

…reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brainstem herniation and death. Table 2. Grading of hyponatremia. Hypernatremia Hypernatremia does not cause cardiac arrest…

…severe agitation or marked distress. Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome and a clinical diagnosis, often described as acute brain failure. It is precipitated by…

…dissection CT of the brain Exclude intracerebral haemorrhage and assess early ischaemic changes CT angiography The standard investigation in acute stroke to identify large vessel…

…made to withdraw life sustaining treatment, in whom total brain infarction is not expected to occur within a reasonable time, and in whom death is…

…septic shock Haemoglobin, transfusion threshold 70 g/L 80 g/L in acute coronary syndrome See the circulatory and haemodynamic parameters for pressures, flows and…

…60 to 65 mmHg is generally considered the minimum threshold necessary to ensure sufficient blood flow to vital organs such as the brain and kidneys…

…the risk of stroke and other thromboembolic events. Subclinical cerebral injury may contribute to vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than the brain…