…Whether electrosurgery or diathermy will be used. Whether monopolar or bipolar electrocautery is planned. The operative site in relation to the pulse generator and the

…artifact is larger in unipolar pacing, as compared with bipolar pacing. The latter yields a discrete stimulation artifact, which may be visible in one or…

…will discuss the ECG leads in detail and no prior knowledge is required. Note that the terms unipolar leads and bipolar leads are not recommended…

…is located either in the right atrium or the right ventricle. Such systems are referred to as single chamber systems . Nowadays, most implanted pacemakers are…

…and electrodes Pacemaker leads contain conductors wrapped in insulation (Figure 2). Most pacemakers utilize bipolar pacing (see below), in which the lead tip is equipped…