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Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…L Duration Definition : : Acute Documented development within less than 48 hours Chronic At least 48 hours Unknown Treated as chronic with respect to the correction…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…preferred. An increase of 1 2 mEq/L per hour for a total of 4 6 mEq/L in 24 hours may be targeted. Chronic…

Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…functional capacity, and health related quality of life substantially influence both cardiovascular risk and the balance between treatment benefit and harm. Prevention in the very…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…beans, whole grains, nuts and seeds, yogurt, seafood and plant oils. They contain less refined grain, starch, added sugar, salt, trans fat, processed meat and…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…Lesions causing only mild obstruction may rupture, thrombose and occlude. Many acute myocardial infarctions arise from lesions that previously obstructed less than 50% of the…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…and a high probability of unstable angina (UA), and patients whose initial findings are less definitive. The defining electrocardiographic feature is the absence of persistent…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…potassium balance. The principal sporadic subtypes are: Aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia Primary or unilateral adrenal hyperplasia Rare aldosterone producing adrenal carcinoma Less…

Blood Pressure Targets in Older and Frail Adults

…progressive increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), while diastolic blood pressure (DBP) rises less steeply and may remain stable or decline later in life. Consequently…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…Inflammation contributes to atherothrombosis through activation of innate immune pathways, cytokine signalling and recruitment of inflammatory cells to vascular lesions. The interleukin 1β pathway…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…new proximal atherosclerosis. The choice between procedures therefore depends on the balance between: Anatomical completeness and complexity of revascularization Expected effects on death, myocardial infarction…

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