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ECG in myocardial ischemia: ischemic changes in the ST segment & T-wave

…ischemia: ischemic ST segment & T wave changes This chapter discusses typical and atypical changes in the ST segment and the T wave during myocardial ischemia…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…g × 4 IV Pneumonia, suspected atypical pathogen erythromycin 500 mg × 4 PO 5–7 days or doxycycline 200 mg × 1 (day 1), then 100 mg…

Renal parameters

…renal function Formula Used for : : CKD EPI 2021 (creatinine) The first choice for eGFR in adults Cystatin C based eGFR With an atypical muscle mass…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Typical symptoms include: Ischaemic rest pain. Coldness or numbness of the foot and toes. Pain that is worse at night or when the limb is…

Atrial Flutter: Mechanisms, ECG Recognition and Management

…the CTI has been definitively ruled out. Typical flutter is closely related to atrial fibrillation (AF) in clinical practice. Both arrhythmias are associated with similar…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…faintness, and other symptoms may occur without chest pain and should be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured…

Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…identify the underlying mechanism. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Angina and anginal equivalents Chest pain or discomfort remains the cardinal symptom of CCS, but presentations are…

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

…Clinical presentation and symptoms SCAD generally presents as ACS. Symptoms may therefore include acute chest pain or chest discomfort, with associated manifestations of myocardial ischaemia…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…to infarct volume than to transmurality. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Typical presentation Pain is the most frequent presenting symptom. It is generally deep and visceral…

Brugada syndrome: ECG, clinical features and management

…sudden cardiac death (15%), atypical chest pain (30%) and dyspnea (10%). The major ECG findings in ARVC are T wave inversion in V1–V3 (in…

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