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Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…severe hypertension. The decision to lower BP in acute stroke requires attention to the type of stroke and the possibility of thrombolytic treatment. Cardiac and…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…performed on all patients seeking medical attention due to chest discomfort or other symptoms that may be caused by myocardial ischemia. Other symptoms include dyspnea…

Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Ventricular tachycardia (VT): types, causes, ECG features and management This chapter deals with ventricular tachycardia from a clinical perspective, with emphasis…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…Delirium tremens with disorientation, fluctuating attention, agitation or, more rarely, hypoactivity, hallucinations and marked autonomic hyperactivity Up to 5 to 7 days, sometimes longer Persisting…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells or other advanced immunotherapies may require separate local protocols. Definition…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…gain valuable insights into shunt severity and directionality. While the technique requires meticulous attention to imaging standards, its non invasive nature and reproducibility make it…

🟠 Ticagrelor (Brilinta, Brilique)

…administration, warnings, precautions, and other relevant information for the drug Ticagrelor . Table 1 Summary Indications Ticagrelor, in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…activity should therefore be increased at an appropriate intensity, with attention to the emergence of symptoms. Evaluation Before Rehabilitation Clinical assessment Rehabilitation begins with patient…

Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…persistent or progressive disease suggestive of an advanced phenotype. Particular attention should be paid to potentially reversible causes and associated cardiovascular conditions, including coronary syndromes…

Chronic Kidney Disease as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor

…73 m² Cardiovascular disease or other organ damage may be present Moderate progression risk; vascular risk factors require close attention 3b 30–45 mL/min…

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