…severe hypertension. The decision to lower BP in acute stroke requires attention to the type of stroke and the possibility of thrombolytic treatment. Cardiac and…

…pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical attention due to chest discomfort or other symptoms that may be caused by…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Ventricular tachycardia (VT): types, causes, ECG features and management This chapter deals with ventricular tachycardia from a clinical perspective, with emphasis…

…Delirium tremens with disorientation, fluctuating attention, agitation or, more rarely, hypoactivity, hallucinations and marked autonomic hyperactivity Up to 5 to 7 days, sometimes longer Persisting…

…suspected focus, but avoid sampling that delays antibiotics 6 Take a targeted history and examine the patient, with particular attention to the mouth, throat, skin…

…gain valuable insights into shunt severity and directionality. While the technique requires meticulous attention to imaging standards, its non invasive nature and reproducibility make it…

…unclear. Kidney function should be monitored according to clinical practice. Special attention should be given to patients ≥ 75 years, those with moderate/severe renal impairment…

…activity should therefore be increased at an appropriate intensity, with attention to the emergence of symptoms. Evaluation Before Rehabilitation Clinical assessment Rehabilitation begins with patient…

…persistent or progressive disease suggestive of an advanced phenotype. Particular attention should be paid to potentially reversible causes and associated cardiovascular conditions, including coronary syndromes…

… vascular risk factors require close attention 3b 30–45 mL/min/1.73 m² Proteinuria may be present High risk of progression 4 15–30…

…Consequently, the decision to prescribe colchicine requires attention to the balance between reduction in ischaemic events and possible infectious or other non cardiovascular adverse outcomes…

…Depression, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, HIV infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring…

…to a single lesion or process. Although Type 1 MI and acute coronary syndromes are commonly related to atherothrombotic events, myocardial ischaemia may also result…

…pro arrhythmic effects of digoxin. Potassium levels must always be assessed in patients using digoxin whenever they seek medical attention. Arrhythmias may occur already at…

…all of these conditions, sinus tachycardia is merely an expression of an underlying disease or substance effect, which may require attention. Therefore, management of sinus…

…pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)…

…scanning is associated with a particularly low dose, approximately 1–2 mSv, while contemporary combined coronary, pulmonary, and aortic angiography can achieve less than 5…

…blood flow and myocardial flow reserve with PET. Evaluate myocardial viability, particularly when combined with metabolic imaging. Contribute to assessment of cardiac inflammation, infective endocarditis…

…the amount of gain as the depth increases; this compensates for the attenuation that occurs with increasing depth. TGC is adjusted using multiple controls that…