…times given are approximate. Symptoms can begin before the blood alcohol concentration has reached zero, and several syndromes can overlap [1,4]. Time after a…

…digoxin. Increased Vagus activity diminishes the automaticity in the sinoatrial node (which lowers heart rate) and also slows conduction over the atrioventricular (AV) node. The…

…may persist despite appropriate lipid lowering and other guideline directed therapies. Anti inflammatory treatment seeks to reduce this residual risk without necessarily altering lipid concentrations…

…a frequent trigger of decompensation and may produce abrupt pulmonary oedema, sometimes requiring non invasive ventilation or intubation. Aortic disease An acute aortic dissection is…

…are reported more frequently in females, older adults and people with diabetes. Ischaemic heart disease may also present without prominent discomfort through heart failure, arrhythmias…

…particular attention. Cardiovascular benefits of cessation The principal benefits relevant to clinical cardiology include: Clinical setting or outcome Reported benefit of cessation Cardiovascular disease overall…

…life threatening arrhythmia that requires immediate attention. The ventricular rate is typically very high (100–250 beats per minute) and cardiac output is affected (i…

…agonists). In all of these conditions, sinus tachycardia is merely an expression of an underlying disease or substance effect, which may require attention. Therefore, management…

…ischemia and infarction Use of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical attention due…

…appropriate intensity, with attention to the emergence of symptoms. Evaluation Before Rehabilitation Clinical assessment Rehabilitation begins with patient assessment and ongoing medical surveillance. The programme…