Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) refers to atherosclerotic narrowing of the left main coronary artery, which supplies…

…renal failure, and heart failure have been identified as important risk factors. Severe atherosclerosis of the axillary or subclavian arteries may increase the risk of…

…including the renal, carotid, vertebral and coronary arteries. In one study cited in the source material, FMD was identified in 86% of patients with SCAD…

…cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease. Hyperuricaemia and Endothelial Dysfunction Insulin resistance impairs renal tubular handling of uric acid and may contribute to hyperuricaemia. Uric…

…atrial appendage, although competing mechanisms such as large artery atherosclerosis and small vessel disease may also contribute to stroke in patients with AF. Stroke risk…

…Behçet disease can cause both arterial and venous thrombosis. In SLE, renal artery involvement may contribute to difficult to control hypertension. The cardiovascular consequences of

…descending aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer PAU is focal ulceration of an atherosclerotic plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic…

…accelerates atherosclerosis, increases myocardial oxygen demand, and may worsen ischemia in patients with obstructive coronary disease. It is also the most prevalent antecedent of heart…

Cardiology Emergency medicine Surgery & trauma Definition and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer…

…Cardiovascular and renal disease associations Diabetes substantially increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and peripheral artery disease…