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Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…component of cardiovascular prevention, particularly in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and acute coronary syndromes…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…focal arterial lesions. Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…for defining the extent of coronary artery disease because it provides anatomical information while permitting functional assessment and, when appropriate, immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI…

Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

…TIA (transient ischemic attack), coronary artery occlusion, and peripheral embolization. Stroke is the third leading cause of death in Western countries, and ultrasound studies are…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Cardiology Coronary Atherosclerosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS Classification The clinical spectrum of Acute Coronary Syndromes encompasses Unstable Angina (UA), Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)…

Coronary Artery Disease

…to symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis. Traditional classification of coronary artery disease Traditionally, coronary artery disease has been classified into the following three syndromes: Stable angina pectoris…

Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Angina Pectoris): Diagnosis, Evaluation, Management

…to symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis. Traditional classification of coronary artery disease Traditionally, coronary artery disease has been classified into the following three syndromes: Stable angina pectoris…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…two vascular beds. Carotid disease therefore commonly coexists with coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal…

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