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Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Lipid lowering therapy is a central component of cardiovascular prevention, particularly in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…been identified as important risk factors. Severe atherosclerosis of the axillary or subclavian arteries may increase the risk of embolization. Risk assessment should be individualized…

Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

…Left ventricular aneurysm with thrombus Cardiomyopathies Valve prosthesis Devices (pacemaker, ICD CRT) Endocarditis Cardiac tumors Atherosclerosis of the aorta LOW EMBOLIC POTENTIAL SEP (Spontaneous Echocardiographic…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Cardiology Coronary Atherosclerosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

Introduction to Coronary Atherosclerosis, Plaques, Atherothrombosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly dynamic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. It is characterized by…

Coronary Artery Disease

…and size of atherosclerotic plaques. Typically, the first manifestation of coronary artery disease is stable angina, defined by exercise related chest pain. Patients with stable…

Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Angina Pectoris): Diagnosis, Evaluation, Management

…and size of atherosclerotic plaques. Typically, the first manifestation of coronary artery disease is stable angina, defined by exercise related chest pain. Patients with stable…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…two vascular beds. Carotid disease therefore commonly coexists with coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal…

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