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The ischemic cascade

…alterations are evident. Subjective symptoms (i.e. chest pain) appear as the last event in the cascade. Thus, ischemic episodes may pass asymptomatically. Importance of…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…reduction in pulmonary perfusion and the subsequent reduction in left ventricular preload lead to a cascade of hemodynamic alterations which may culminate in cardiac arrest…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around the isoelectric line. Most…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

…acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around the isoelectric line. Most…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…The upper 99% limits of normal for corrected QT (QTc) values in the general population are 450 ms for men and 460 ms for women…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…alterations in heart rate, stroke volume, or vascular tone can significantly impact MAP, reflecting the dynamic interplay between cardiac function and vascular resistance. Advantages of…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…and arrhythmology. Regarding the risk of ventricular fibrillation, it is believed that early repolarization is caused by altered ion channel function (alterations in sodium, potassium…

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