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Liver parameters

…alcohol, autoimmune hepatitis, ischaemic hepatitis, steatohepatitis Cholestatic ALP and GGT ↑↑, bilirubin ↑ Gallstones, stricture, tumour, primary biliary cholangitis, drugs Mixed Both raised Drug induced…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…and an ECG all come before complete identification of the substance. Treatment of acute poisoning consists of four parallel components: supportive treatment, a targeted antidote…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

CPR It is commonly stated that approximately 80% of all cardiac arrests are caused by acute or chronic coronary artery disease, with the latter being…

Isoprenaline and Dopamine Infusions for Bradycardia

…myocarditis, sarcoidosis, rheumatic heart disease, connective tissue disease, eosinophilic myocarditis), toxins (alcohol, cocaine, cancer therapies), or physical reactions (radiation therapy), frequently involves the conduction system…

🟠 Clonidine

…Constipation Contra indications Bradycardia. Caution • Clonidine may induce severe hypotension. • Clonidine is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…and create a highly prothrombotic endothelial surface. Furthermore, AF induces a systemic hypercoagulable state, characterized by elevated biomarkers such as D dimer, von Willebrand factor…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…a sustained release formulation. Note: activated charcoal is ineffective against alcohols, lithium, and heavy metals. Enhance elimination Induce diuresis through urine alkalinization, contingent upon renal…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and planned follow up , not merely detoxification. Benzodiazepines reduce the severity of withdrawal…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…Clinical medicine Definition and scope Alcohol has dose , pattern , duration , sex , and genetically influenced effects on the cardiovascular system. Acute exposure produces transient haemodynamic and…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour, collapse or an acute neurological deficit. Hypoglycaemia can cause hemiparesis, aphasia and radiological changes resembling ischaemic stroke. Glucose measurement…

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