Adapted from AHA, ACC and ESC guidelines.

…developed I relatively large patient cohorts. It incorporates key clinical and echocardiographic parameters to calculate an individual's risk of SCD over the next 5…

…going to AHA/ACC/ESC websites, you can make yourself a textbook by downloading all their guidelines. Nevertheless, I recently read Recommendations for interpretation of…

…advent of highly sensitive cardiac biomarkers, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), and World Heart Federation …

…For example, exercise stress testing is no longer recommended in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (i.e CCS). The new…

…the impulse originates in the atria (i.e the arrhythmia is supraventricular). WCT – Wide complex tachycardias (QRS duration ≥0,12 seconds) indicates the ventricles are…

…American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America (AHA/ACC/HFSA) guidelines and the 2023 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines…

…Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) is specifically classified by the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA and 2021/2023 ESC guidelines as HF with a left ventricular ejection…

…AHA, ACC) discourage the use of exercise stress testing for the evaluation of coronary artery disease, which is due to the low sensitivity of the…

…necessary in the acute setting and is currently the only treatment with class I recommendation according to European (ESC) and North American (AHA, ACC) guidelines…

…a transcutaneous pacemaker, which is the only treatment with class I recommendation according to European (ESC) and North American (AHA, ACC) guidelines. As in all…

…the American Heart Association (AHA), and the American College of Cardiology (ACC). Definition of heart rhythm A rhythm is defined as three consecutive heartbeats displaying…

…by the American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). The chapter will start with basic concepts…

…updated. For example, exercise stress testing is no longer recommended in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (i.e. CCS). The…

…guidelines issued by the American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). A large body of evidence…

…ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STE ACS/STEMI): ST segment elevation in V7 V9: ≥0,5 mm in at least one lead (males and females)…

…Clinical aspects ECG criteria/characteristics Electrophysiological explanations for ECG changes Differential diagnoses for ECG findings Concordance with guidelines (AHA, ACC, ESC) Evidence based management/treatment…

…the 2023 ACC/AHA guidelines retain the "VASc" nomenclature but clarify that female sex functions as a "risk modifier" rather than a primary driver of…

…Nevertheless, cardiac troponin (T or I) has almost 100% specificity for myocardial cells and is the preferred biomarker according to North American (ACC, AHA) and…

…ejection fraction. References Yancy et al: 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. A…

…often presenting clinically as Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) rather than STEMI [4] . Calcified Nodules: A less common mechanism (2 5%), characterized by eruptive…

…leads are not. Instead, the limb leads are displayed in two groups of three: leads I, II and III and leads aVR, aVL and aVF…

…with official guidelines (ERC, AHA, ACC). The chain of survival EARLY RECOGNITION OF CARDIAC ARREST If no medical professional is nearby, bystanders must respond immediately…