Adapted from AHA, ACC and ESC guidelines.

…based on the HCM Risk SCD formula , a validated risk prediction model developed I relatively large patient cohorts. It incorporates key clinical and echocardiographic parameters…

…going to AHA/ACC/ESC websites, you can make yourself a textbook by downloading all their guidelines. Nevertheless, I recently read Recommendations for interpretation of…

…the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL). The injury is considered acute if there is a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values. However…

…appear primarily during exercise or other situations with increased myocardial load. Symptoms are exacerbated by increasing the level of exertion ( i.e increasing the myocardial…

…and evidence based interventions. Many tachyarrhythmias carry a potential risk of serious morbidity or mortality, underscoring the need for a structured and guideline directed approach…

…American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America (AHA/ACC/HFSA) guidelines and the 2023 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines…

…of pulmonary or systemic congestion [3] . Within this spectrum, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) is specifically classified by the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA…

…AHA, ACC) discourage the use of exercise stress testing for the evaluation of coronary artery disease, which is due to the low sensitivity of the…

…necessary in the acute setting and is currently the only treatment with class I recommendation according to European (ESC) and North American (AHA, ACC) guidelines…

…a transcutaneous pacemaker, which is the only treatment with class I recommendation according to European (ESC) and North American (AHA, ACC) guidelines. As in all…

…mechanisms: Increased or abnormal automaticity Triggered activity Increased or abnormal automaticity As discussed in Chapter 1, several structures in the heart possess automaticity (i.e…

…by the American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). The chapter will start with basic concepts…

…appear primarily during exercise or other situations with increased myocardial load. Symptoms are exacerbated by increasing the level of exertion ( i.e increasing the myocardial…

…guidelines issued by the American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). A large body of evidence…

…but it may also be referred to as the posterior wall, or the inferobasal wall. Transmural ischemia located in this area yields an injury current…

…Clinical aspects ECG criteria/characteristics Electrophysiological explanations for ECG changes Differential diagnoses for ECG findings Concordance with guidelines (AHA, ACC, ESC) Evidence based management/treatment…

…prerequisite for clinical AF remains the documentation of the arrhythmia via a standard 12 lead ECG or a single lead ECG tracing lasting ≥30 seconds…

…Nevertheless, cardiac troponin (T or I) has almost 100% specificity for myocardial cells and is the preferred biomarker according to North American (ACC, AHA) and…

…introduced to assess left ventricular function. The majority of these parameters can be calculated or approximated using two dimensional echocardiography. The most widely adopted parameter…

…cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS Classification The clinical spectrum of Acute…

…lead ECG Numerous conditions that can be diagnosed using the 12 lead ECG require that ECG changes occur in two or more anatomically contiguous leads…

…chain of survival, the first task is to recognize cardiac arrest and alert the EMS (in OHCA) or cardiac arrest team (in IHCA). There are…