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Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction becomes particularly common among the very old. Hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and age related changes in left ventricular filling…

Mitral regurgitation

…in high income countries is age related degeneration of the valvular apparatus. Age related degeneration affects 2% of the population and leads to gradual prolapse…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…are related to atherosclerotic disease. At least 90% of AAAs larger than 4 cm are associated with atherosclerotic pathology. AAA prevalence increases with age and…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…objective, particularly in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and/or MVD. Nevertheless, the optimal extent and timing of intervention depend on the clinical setting, haemodynamic…

Introduction to pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation

…have knowledge of age related variations in the ECG, as well as cardiac diseases that may affect infants and children. Physiological and anatomical development during…

Introduction to pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation

…have knowledge of age related variations in the ECG, as well as cardiac diseases that may affect infants and children. Physiological and anatomical development during…

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…article. A rehearsal follows. Reversible causes of sinus node dysfunction Age related degenerative disease (development of fibrosis) of the sinoatrial node. Myocardial ischemia/infarction. Perimyocarditis…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…after approximately 65 years of age. Hypertension related left ventricular hypertrophy, concentric remodelling, reduced longitudinal strain and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are more…

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) & Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

…could reasonably explain). The probability of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is inversely related to age, such that the younger the patient presenting with hypertrophy, the more likely…

Chronic Kidney Disease as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor

…obesity, smoking and increasing age are common risk factors for CKD and CVD. Hypertension and renal disease are bidirectionally related: hypertension accelerates CKD progression, while…

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