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Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…are not a homogeneous population: biological age, frailty, multimorbidity, sarcopenia, cognitive function, functional capacity, and health related quality of life substantially influence both cardiovascular risk…

Mitral regurgitation

…cause of mitral regurgitation in high income countries is age related degeneration of the valvular apparatus. Age related degeneration affects 2% of the population and…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…are related to atherosclerotic disease. At least 90% of AAAs larger than 4 cm are associated with atherosclerotic pathology. AAA prevalence increases with age and…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…haemodynamic status, coronary anatomy, comorbidities, procedural complexity, age, frailty, and anticipated adherence to antithrombotic therapy. Anatomical and functional completeness are not synonymous. Anatomically incomplete revascularization…

Introduction to pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation

…and there are marked age variations throughout childhood. Clinicians who work in pediatric and neonatal care must have knowledge of age related variations in the…

Introduction to pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation

…and there are marked age variations throughout childhood. Clinicians who work in pediatric and neonatal care must have knowledge of age related variations in the…

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…article. A rehearsal follows. Reversible causes of sinus node dysfunction Age related degenerative disease (development of fibrosis) of the sinoatrial node. Myocardial ischemia/infarction. Perimyocarditis…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…lifetime burden of hypertension. Hypertension becomes more prevalent in women than men after approximately 65 years of age. Hypertension related left ventricular hypertrophy, concentric remodelling…

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) & Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

…pronounced than the load could reasonably explain). The probability of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is inversely related to age, such that the younger the patient presenting with…

Chronic Kidney Disease as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor

…obesity, smoking and increasing age are common risk factors for CKD and CVD. Hypertension and renal disease are bidirectionally related: hypertension accelerates CKD progression, while…

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