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Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…more recent analyses question whether this reflects true biological protection. Potentially favourable associations with myocardial infarction may coexist with adverse effects on stroke, heart failure…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in general. This is not surprising given the adverse effects of long periods of tachycardia and desynchronized atrial…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…during diastole. This causes adverse hemodynamic effects, and the condition is classified as cardiac tamponade. The classical signs of cardiac tamponade are hypotension, muffled heart…

Adenosine for tachyarrhythmias (AVNRT, AVRT, NCT)

…is not an established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…hypertensive emergency. It summarises the mechanism of action, the onset, the duration of effect, the dosing, the adverse effects and the important precautions. A hypertensive…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…all cause mortality. The excess risk is mediated by the combined effects of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking and other conventional risk factors, together with…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…their use is limited by specific adverse effects. Most of these adverse events are related to the suppression of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS)…

Blood Pressure Targets in Older and Frail Adults

…characterized by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes. It is dynamic and may improve or worsen with illness, treatment, or other interventions…

Edrophonium test

…test dose without troublesome adverse effects, give a further 8 mg intravenously , slowly. Rapid injection increases the risk of nicotinic effects with paradoxically increasing weakness…

Levosimendan (Simdax, Simendan) in acute heart failure

…and valvular function. Levosimendan drug is generally well tolerated. Severe adverse effects are less common. Levosimendan may be administered simultaneously with milrinone. The drugs can…

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