…of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction, immune cell recruitment, extracellular matrix remodelling, and thrombosis interact to produce focal arterial lesions…

…LDL (oxLDL) is highly immunogenic and acts as a potent chemoattractant. Circulating monocytes bind to the upregulated adhesion molecules, transmigrate into the intima via diapedesis…

…or left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension, diabetes, and elevated NT proBNP are more frequent in this pattern. Endothelial dysfunction may contribute to both microvascular and epicardial…

…clinical syndrome characterized by the cardinal symptoms and signs of heart failure (HF) in the presence of a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥50%…

…plaque to a highly thrombogenic surface occurs via three primary mechanisms: Plaque Rupture: Accounting for 60 70% of ACS presentations, plaque rupture typically occurs in…