…under acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Aortic dissection Pneumothorax Pulmonary embolism Mediastinitis (rare condition) In addition to these five conditions, there are numerous other causes of…

…exercise capacity (and VO2 max , see below). In addition to exercise capacity, stress testing also provides information on electrocardiographic (ECG) reaction, the occurrence of arrhythmias…

…patient in the supine position. In order to obtain the best possible image quality, patient safety and ergonomics for the operator, special examination tables are…

…atherosclerotic vascular disease or familial hypercholesterolaemia, addition of bempedoic acid to statin therapy reduced LDL C by approximately 16.5%; the reduction in a subgroup…

…contractility. Analogous electrophysiological changes occur within the sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. In addition to these direct effects, adenosine antagonizes catecholamine stimulated adenylate cyclase. This…

…ventricular function is therefore an important therapeutic objective. Exercise intolerance Exercise limitation is multifactorial. In addition to elevated exercise induced filling pressures, patients may have:

…Mural vegetations are attached to the endocardium and, accordingly, less mobile. Echocardiography is the first place method for detecting vegetation in case of suspicion of…

…pacing. 25 mm/s. In addition to stimulation artifacts, ventricular pacing yields wide QRS complexes with LBBB morphology (i.e left bundle branch block appearance)…

…obtained for visualizing the pericardium, its surroundings, the myocardium and valves. ECG is recorded in all patients with suspected pericardial disease. In addition to echocardiography…

CPR Time is the most critical factor for survival in cardiac arrest. Life saving interventions must be initiated momentarily to maximize the probability of survival…