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Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…left main coronary artery stenosis Moderate to severe aortic stenosis with uncertain relation to symptoms Tachyarrhythmias with uncontrolled ventricular rates Acquired advanced or complete heart…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis. Modern cardiac CT can acquire a three dimensional cardiac dataset within approximately 5–15 seconds, with…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…and electrolyte imbalance ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on the surface…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac shunts, such as atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…8 days including oral step down Hospital acquired pneumonia, severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin…

Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…The interaction between these acquired risks and age related cardiovascular remodeling contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of coronary and vascular disease in older…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations) or acquired (secondary to medications, electrolyte disorders)…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…used in clinical practice. M mode provides a one dimensional view of all reflectors (i.e structures reflecting ultrasound waves) along one ultrasound line. Hence…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that may result in near total obliteration of affected vessels. Genetic, molecular, and acquired factors may interact in its development…

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