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Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…left main coronary artery stenosis Moderate to severe aortic stenosis with uncertain relation to symptoms Tachyarrhythmias with uncontrolled ventricular rates Acquired advanced or complete heart…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis. Modern cardiac CT can acquire a three dimensional cardiac dataset within approximately 5–15 seconds, with…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG), which predisposes the myocardium to…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…to quantify the ratio of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…8 days including oral step down Hospital acquired pneumonia, severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin…

Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…The interaction between these acquired risks and age related cardiovascular remodeling contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of coronary and vascular disease in older…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…to life threatening ventricular arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations) or acquired (secondary…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…images are acquired by manually placing an ultrasound line in the 2D image (Figure 1). The line is placed along the structures to be studied…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that may result in near total obliteration of affected vessels. Genetic, molecular, and acquired factors may interact in its development…

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