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Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…precludes safe and adequate testing Relative contraindications Known obstructive left main coronary artery stenosis Moderate to severe aortic stenosis with uncertain relation to symptoms Tachyarrhythmias…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis. Modern cardiac CT can acquire a three dimensional cardiac dataset within approximately 5–15 seconds, with…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…to 10% of patients receiving antiarrhythmic agents, and this risk is amplified in the presence of heart failure. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Patients with acquired…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…to quantify the ratio of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…8 days including oral step down Hospital acquired pneumonia, severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin…

Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…and physical inactivity. The interaction between these acquired risks and age related cardiovascular remodeling contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of coronary and vascular…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…threatening ventricular arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations) or acquired (secondary to medications…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…useful for quantifying the mobility of structures and measuring dimensions. In order to obtain representative measurements, it is pivotal to align the M mode line…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with large T wave amplitude), and QT…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that may result in near total obliteration of affected vessels. Genetic, molecular, and acquired factors may interact in its development…

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