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Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…and electrolyte imbalance ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on the surface…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…the ratio of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac shunts…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…8 days including oral step down Hospital acquired pneumonia, severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin…

Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…The interaction between these acquired risks and age related cardiovascular remodeling contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of coronary and vascular disease in older…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations) or acquired (secondary to medications, electrolyte disorders)…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…placed perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle, as illustrated in Figure 1. One obvious disadvantage of M mode is that it only…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with large T wave amplitude)…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that may result in near total obliteration of affected vessels. Genetic, molecular, and acquired factors may interact in its development…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

…decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with large T wave amplitude)…

Aortic regurgitation

…the left ventricle hypertrophic? Is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) normal? A normal sized ventricle with hyperdynamic contractility suggests acute aortic regurgitation. The severity of…

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