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Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…evaluating acquired QT prolongation. The upper 99% limits of normal for corrected QT (QTc) values in the general population are 450 ms for men and…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac shunts, such as atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…then 100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3 IV Depends on the diagnosis Always…

Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…and heart failure. Aging also accumulates conventional cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking exposure, and physical inactivity. The interaction between these acquired risks…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…mutations) or acquired (secondary to medications, electrolyte disorders). QT duration is inversely related to heart rate; QT duration increases at slow heart rates and vice…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…M mode. M mode images are acquired by manually placing an ultrasound line in the 2D image (Figure 1). The line is placed along the…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

Info Antiarrhythmic drugs and management of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation This manual presents recommendations for the management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT, VF). It is primarily…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that may result in near total obliteration of affected vessels. Genetic, molecular, and acquired factors may interact in its development…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Cardiology Antiarrhythmic drugs and management of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation This manual presents recommendations for the management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT, VF). It is primarily…

Aortic regurgitation

…Subaortic membrane Endocarditis Echocardiography in aortic regurgitation 2D Echocardiography The images are acquired in PLAX (parasternal long axis view) and PSAX (parasternal short axis view)…

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