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Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…and physical inactivity. The interaction between these acquired risks and age related cardiovascular remodeling contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of coronary and vascular…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…evaluating acquired QT prolongation. The upper 99% limits of normal for corrected QT (QTc) values in the general population are 450 ms for men and…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…the ratio of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) to systemic blood flow (Qs). This measurement is pivotal in diagnosing and managing congenital or acquired cardiac shunts…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…8 days including oral step down Hospital acquired pneumonia, severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…mutations) or acquired (secondary to medications, electrolyte disorders). QT duration is inversely related to heart rate; QT duration increases at slow heart rates and vice…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…M mode is commonly used to complement the examination of the following structures: Left ventricular (LV) dimension and function. Right ventricular (RV) dimension and function…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that may result in near total obliteration of affected vessels. Genetic, molecular, and acquired factors may interact in its development…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

…with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around…

Aortic regurgitation

…Subaortic membrane Endocarditis Echocardiography in aortic regurgitation 2D Echocardiography The images are acquired in PLAX (parasternal long axis view) and PSAX (parasternal short axis view)…

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