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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…mechanisms PAH is a distinct and uncommon form of precapillary PH. It is defined haemodynamically by precapillary PH in the absence of CTEPH, lung disease…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…during the examination. Work related musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of pain and sickness absence for ultrasound practitioners (Harrison et al). When performing emergency…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…and electrolyte imbalance ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on the surface…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…4. Pulmonary Valve Velocity Time Integral (PV VTI) Optimal View : Short axis (SAX) view of the aortic arch, visualizing the pulmonary valve in long axis…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…8 days including oral step down Hospital acquired pneumonia, severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin…

Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…The interaction between these acquired risks and age related cardiovascular remodeling contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of coronary and vascular disease in older…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…ischemia Cardiomyopathy Bradycardia Hypothyroidism Hypothermia A separate chapter discusses Long QT syndrome (LQTS). A complete list of drugs causing QT prolongation can be found here…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…e.g measuring the thickness of the left ventricular walls requires the line to be placed perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

…with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around…

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