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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…is defined haemodynamically by precapillary PH in the absence of CTEPH, lung disease, or another explanatory cause. PAH reflects marked pulmonary arterial remodelling, with fibroproliferative…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…during the examination. Work related musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of pain and sickness absence for ultrasound practitioners (Harrison et al). When performing emergency…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…amplified in the presence of heart failure. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Patients with acquired QT prolongation and drug induced TdP typically present with near syncope…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…1, not 200%). Conclusion Echocardiographic calculation of Qp/Qs is a cornerstone in managing patients with intracardiac shunts. By integrating anatomical measurements and Doppler hemodynamics…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…days including oral step down Hospital acquired pneumonia, severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin 750…

Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…chronic coronary disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. More than 70% of older adults presenting with myocardial infarction, stroke, acute aortic syndromes, or heart…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…QT dispersion. Increased QT dispersion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This is presumably explained by a higher incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. It…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…resolution is very high, as compared with 2D echocardiography. M mode is useful for quantifying the mobility of structures and measuring dimensions. In order to…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…in individuals with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

…in individuals with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS…

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