…less ultrasound and become darker in the image. Acoustic shadowing Some structures have very high echogenicity (e.g skeleton, calcifications, mechanical heart valves) and reflect…

…Poor acoustic windows or suboptimal Doppler alignment may skew results. Assumptions : Formulas assume laminar flow and circular LVOT/RVOT geometry, which may not hold in…

…is an acoustic lens . This is the hard rubber that focuses the ultrasound waves, which results in less scatter of the waves and thus increase…