…abnormality in an ischaemic pattern. Identification of a coronary thrombus by angiography or autopsy, except in type 2 and type 3 MI. A diagnosis of…

…cardiac abnormality Evidence such as increased left atrial size, left ventricular hypertrophy or abnormal LV filling supports the diagnosis Unlike HFpEF, objective evidence of structural…

…hypertrophy, which is why some experts have suggested that the term atrial abnormality be used instead of enlargement. Atrial enlargement/abnormality often accompanies ventricular enlargement…

…suggests advanced fibrosis Work up of unexplained raised liver tests Repeat the tests first — a transient rise is common. If the abnormality persists: hepatitis serology…

…amplify the abnormality through increased myocardial contractility and heart rate. Coronary compression and a Venturi or “suction” effect have been proposed as mechanisms of inducible…

…burden of cardiovascular and non cardiovascular comorbidity than patients with reduced EF. Pathophysiology Abnormal ventricular relaxation and increased filling pressures The central hemodynamic abnormality in…

…to the angiographic appearance of the treated epicardial artery, because the defining abnormality is inadequate distal perfusion in the absence of a major residual epicardial…

…coronary artery disease (CAD). It combines echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) structure and function with exercise or pharmacological stress. The physiological basis is an…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction T wave changes in acute myocardial infarction & ischemia A thorough discussion regarding the physiology of the T wavewas previously provided…

…pulsatile, expansile mass, although absence of a palpable abnormality does not exclude AAA. Plain abdominal radiography has limited sensitivity. A calcified aneurysmal outline may be…