…elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose regulation. Diagnosis is based on the coexistence of defined clinical and laboratory components; the diagnostic criteria themselves are not…

…used interchangeably throughout this text. Wall motion abnormalities in ischemic heart disease In the setting of stable ischemic heart disease, an atherosclerotic plaque causes ischemia…

…interpretation in adults. The ECG must always be interpreted using a systematic approach in order to minimize the probability of missing significant abnormalities. The following…

…chemistry & laboratory medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Myocardial infarction (MI) is a clinical diagnosis that integrates myocardial injury, evidence of acute myocardial…

…or other pathologies. The software allows for detailed regional analysis of myocardial perfusion, highlighting specific segments of the left ventricle that demonstrate abnormalities. These tools…

…the absence of persistent ST segment elevation. This does not imply low risk: patients with NSTE ACS may have substantial myocardial ischaemia, dynamic ECG abnormalities…

…25% Normal FS, 2D measurement 18% Advantages of fractional shortening If ventricular geometry is normal and there are no regional wall motion abnormalities, then fractional…

…Nephrology Definition and pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by abnormalities of renal structure or function that persist for more than 3 months and…

…The ischemic cascade The ischemic cascade describes the sequence of events during myocardial ischemia, beginning with perfusion abnormalities and ultimately leading to chest pain (angina…

…in the same order every time, reduces the risk of missing abnormalities. The eight steps below go through the rhythm and then the waveforms one…