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Interpretation of myocardial perfusion images (Myocardial SPECT / PET)

…in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is based on principles similar to those used in echocardiography. The 17 segment model of the left ventricle serves as…

Intraventricular conduction delay: bundle branch blocks & fascicular blocks

…Such a block in the left bundle branch is simply referred to as left bundle branch block. The consequence of left bundle branch block is…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…pallor paraesthesiae Neuroglycopenic symptoms An inadequate supply of glucose to the brain can cause: difficulty concentrating irritability or abnormal behaviour slurred speech visual disturbance confusion…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…In clinical practice, obesity is conventionally defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Severe obesity is generally defined as BMI ≥35…

The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation

…The magnitude of ST segment deviation is measured as the height difference (in millimeters) between the J point and the PR segment. Refer to Figure…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…however, and an abnormal result is not specific to delirium. Symptoms are often worse in the evening and at night, but diurnal variation is not…

ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

…plasma potassium level and ECG changes, as well as the risk of arrhythmia. Therefore the ECG may be used to estimate the severity of hyperkalemia…

Cardiac amyloidosis

…in which abnormal plasma cells produce misfolded immunoglobulin light chains [8, 19]. Light chains are directly toxic to cardiomyocytes, inducing the elaboration of high levels…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…unexplained weakness, or a combination of these symptoms. The diagnosis requires elevated levels of cardiac troponins. In addition to elevated troponins, the patient must display…

Left Bundle Branch Block: ECG criteria and clinical implications

…higher long term and in hospital mortality rates, as well as lower ejection fractions and higher peak biomarker levels, compared to those without such conduction…

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