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Interpretation of myocardial perfusion images (Myocardial SPECT / PET)

…pronounced during stress. RR is characterized by normal or near normal perfusion observed during stress, followed by the appearance of a perfusion defect in rest

Intraventricular conduction delay: bundle branch blocks & fascicular blocks

…cause abnormal ventricular activation (i.e. contraction). The significance of this will depend on the severity of the conduction defect and the affected ventricle. In…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…all in diabetes. The severity of the symptoms and the patient's need for help matter more than a single measured value [2]. Level Plasma…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…and population level risk estimation, but it does not characterize body composition, fat distribution, skeletal muscle mass, physical fitness or individual health status. In particular…

The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation

…is flat and isoelectric (i.e in level with the baseline). Displacement of the ST segment is of fundamental importance, particularly in acute myocardial ischemia…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…however, and an abnormal result is not specific to delirium. Symptoms are often worse in the evening and at night, but diurnal variation is not…

ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

…Diminished T wave amplitude Osborn like waves. ST segment elevation in leads V1–V2. All degrees of AV block. Sinus node dysfunction and tach brady…

Cardiac amyloidosis

…in which abnormal plasma cells produce misfolded immunoglobulin light chains [8, 19]. Light chains are directly toxic to cardiomyocytes, inducing the elaboration of high levels…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…limit is currently the 99th percentile in a healthy population. Troponin levels higher than the 99th percentile of a normal population are considered elevated (abnormal)…

Left Bundle Branch Block: ECG criteria and clinical implications

…slurring or notching of the mid QRS in at least two left facing leads [7]. These stricter parameters correlate more closely with abnormal LV mechanical…

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