…determine whether the ECG waves and intervals are normal. This chapter will focus on the ECG waves in terms of morphology (appearance), durations and intervals…

…Note that 10% of wide complex tachycardias actually originate from the atria but the QRS complexes become wide due to abnormal ventricular depolarization (e.g…

…Patients without haemodynamic instability require more detailed prognostic evaluation using two complementary domains: Indicators of acute PE severity , including clinical findings, RV dysfunction on imaging…

…left ventricular hypertrophy or abnormal LV filling supports the diagnosis Unlike HFpEF, objective evidence of structural or functional cardiac abnormality or raised natriuretic peptides is…

…a standardized framework for identifying and localizing areas of ischemia or infarction. This segmentation facilitates precise reporting and ensures consistent communication of findings across clinicians…

…Figure 1. Characteristics of ischemic ST segment depressions on ECG. Current guideline criteria for ischemic ST segment depression: New horizontal or downsloping ST segment depressions…

…presents ECG findings during normal atrioventricular impulse transmission as well as ECG findings during pre excitation. Figure 1. Hallmarks of pre excitation on the ECG…

…wave amplitude is on average 3 mm in V2–V3 in females and it rarely exceeds 8 mm. Note that the amplitude of the T…

…effect on impulse conduction because digoxin slows impulse conduction. It is important to note that the association between ECG changes and the risk of arrhythmia…

…the sinoatrial node) is a common finding in athletes and during sleep; in these scenarios, it should not be considered abnormal. On the other hand…