Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)
Tricuspid regurgitation The tricuspid valve separates the right ventricle and the right atrium. It normally consists of three leaflets (anterior, posterior and septal leaflet). The…
Archives: Chapters
Tricuspid stenosis
Tricuspid valve stenosis Tricuspid stenosis is a rare condition that may be caused by rheumatic valvular disease, congenital heart disease, Whipple’s disease, or tumors. Rheumatic…
Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade
Pericardial diseases: effusion and tamponade A long series of conditions can affect the pericardium (pericardium). The most common of these are acute pericarditis (perimyocarditis), constrictive…
Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy caused by tachycardia A prolonged tachycardia can cause cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dilation. This type of cardiomyopathy, referred to as tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, can be…
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD) Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is considered a genetic cardiomyopathy that predominantly affects the right ventricle. ARVC…
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as dilation of one or both ventricles. Dilation of the left ventricle is virtually always accompanied by…
Assessment of diastolic function by echocardiography
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function Methods for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function have evolved considerably in the past two decades. Currently recommended methods…
Relaxation of the left ventricle
Myocardial relaxation and left ventricular diastolic function Diastolic function is determined by the efficiency of myocardial relaxation. The degree and velocity of relaxation are the…
Left ventricular diastolic function
Diastolic function and echocardiographic assessment The importance of systolic function can be understood on an intuitive basis. Consider the fact that the left ventricle contracts…
Left Ventricular Segments for Echocardiography and Cardiac Imaging
Standardized myocardial segmentation for echocardiography and cardiac imaging Cardiovascular imaging modalities have developed rapidly in the past few decades. The repertoire of available methods includes…
